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Quantitative Chemistry
Introduction
Quantitative Chemistry involves using numbers to describe chemical reactions. This topic is essential for accurately measuring reactants and products in GCSE Chemistry.
This article will cover:
- Understanding moles and relative formula mass.
- Calculating yields and concentrations.
- Applications of quantitative chemistry in experiments.
Moles and Relative Formula Mass
The Mole Concept
- A mole is
particles of a substance. - Formula:
.
Example: Calculate the moles in 12g of carbon (Mₐ = 12).
![\[ \text{Moles} = \frac{12}{12} = 1 \, \text{mol}. \]](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxNTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMzYiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNTggMzYiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiNjZmQ0ZGI7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OiAwLjE7Ii8+PC9zdmc+ "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
- A mole is
particles of a substance.
.![\[ \text{Moles} = \frac{12}{12} = 1 \, \text{mol}. \]](https://on22.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c4ba57427068bf7086c27f7ba7b39e64_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Calculating Yields and Concentrations
Percentage Yield
![\[ \text{Percentage yield} = \frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}} \times 100. \]](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMzciIGhlaWdodD0iNDEiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAzMzcgNDEiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiNjZmQ0ZGI7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OiAwLjE7Ii8+PC9zdmc+ "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Example: If 40g of a product is made but 50g was expected,
![\[ \text{Percentage yield} = \frac{40}{50} \times 100 = 80\%. \]](data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyODEiIGhlaWdodD0iMzYiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyODEgMzYiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCUiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiNjZmQ0ZGI7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OiAwLjE7Ii8+PC9zdmc+ "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Titration Calculations
Used to find the concentration of a solution.
- Key Formula:
.
- Key Formula:
![\[ \text{Percentage yield} = \frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}} \times 100. \]](https://on22.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6a877153cae7b8a7dd54578ba2437c53_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
![\[ \text{Percentage yield} = \frac{40}{50} \times 100 = 80\%. \]](https://on22.com/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b61339d2189a22b9cff99364aa790a7f_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
.Conclusion
Quantitative chemistry helps chemists calculate amounts precisely. Practise these calculations to gain confidence in this vital GCSE Chemistry topic.
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